Nirvana - Nevermind :: essays research papers fc

History of Rock and Roll There conceivably isn't a collection in history that is as class characterizing as Nirvana's Nevermind. Discharged in 1991, it without any help was liable for the introduction of what became to be known as grunge and has proceeded to sell more than 10 million duplicates in the United States alone (Stuessy, Joe). It arrived at number 1 of every 1991 and was the primary collection to carry Seattle grunge to the standard crowd (Stuessy, Joe). Nevermind is a blend of moderate, dull melodies and quick paced grunge rock tunes. With its granulating guitars, beating drums, and lead artist, Kurt Cobain's unmistakable voice, Nevermind found a particular method to intertwine elective punk with 70's stone (Nirvana, Nevermind). The greatest compelling melody on Nirvana’s Nevermind collection was the main tune, â€Å"Smells Like Teen Spirit.† It arrived at number 6 on the Top 40 Charts. This tune was notable for Nirvana and the elective music scene overall. After the arrival of â€Å"Smells Like Teen Spirit,† white, working class youth of the United States at long last had a style of music to consider their own and express their â€Å"teenage anthems† (Stuessy, Joe). This was the primary tune to rise up out of elective stone and to be known in the standard of awesome, communicating their generation’s desires, â€Å"...here we are currently, engage us†(Stuessy, Joe). â€Å"Smells like Teen Spirit† was Curt Cobain’s â€Å"attempt to compose a definitive pop song†(Nevermind, Nirvana). He utilized the delicate boisterous elements of his preferred band, the Pixies. The treacherous snares likewise indicated his deference for the Beatle’s John Le nnon(Nevermind, Nirvana). The style utilized in this melody is basic, plain, uproarious, and straight-forward. Musically, there is nothing very â€Å"innovative† or troublesome. In any case, the explanation it is essential to shake history is on the grounds that it brought America’s thoughtfulness regarding the once before underground style of grunge. â€Å"A driving drum beat, controlled by Novelsek’s musical bass, and an essential guitar riff and solo, blend consummately with Kurt Cobain’s discouraging yet entertaining lyrics† (Kastner, Patrick). While it has absolutely been exaggerated in the previous years, it is as yet a fundamental piece of Rock history. â€Å"Come As You Are† and â€Å"Polly† exhibit that Nirvana were not just a band keen on observing individuals bounce all over and shout at appears. Numerous individuals, fans and VIPs the same consider â€Å"Polly† to be Kurt Cobain’s most elegantly composed tune. â€Å"Polly†, number six, is an account of a young lady who got attacked and tormented and explicitly mishandled. Nirvana - Nevermind :: expositions research papers fc History of Rock and Roll There perhaps isn't a collection in history that is as kind characterizing as Nirvana's Nevermind. Discharged in 1991, it without any assistance was answerable for the introduction of what became to be known as grunge and has proceeded to sell more than 10 million duplicates in the United States alone (Stuessy, Joe). It arrived at number 1 of every 1991 and was the primary collection to carry Seattle grunge to the standard crowd (Stuessy, Joe). Nevermind is a blend of moderate, dull tunes and quick paced grunge rock tunes. With its granulating guitars, beating drums, and lead artist, Kurt Cobain's unmistakable voice, Nevermind found a particular method to meld elective punk with 70's stone (Nirvana, Nevermind). The greatest powerful melody on Nirvana’s Nevermind collection was the main tune, â€Å"Smells Like Teen Spirit.† It arrived at number 6 on the Top 40 Charts. This melody was momentous for Nirvana and the elective music scene all in all. After the arrival of â€Å"Smells Like Teen Spirit,† white, working class youth of the United States at last had a style of music to consider their own and express their â€Å"teenage anthems† (Stuessy, Joe). This was the primary melody to rise up out of elective stone and to be known in the standard of awesome, communicating their generation’s desires, â€Å"...here we are presently, engage us†(Stuessy, Joe). â€Å"Smells like Teen Spirit† was Curt Cobain’s â€Å"attempt to compose a definitive pop song†(Nevermind, Nirvana). He utilized the delicate noisy elements of his preferred band, the Pixies. The treacherous snares likewise demonstrated his esteem for the Beatle’s John Lenno n(Nevermind, Nirvana). The style utilized in this tune is basic, plain, boisterous, and straight-forward. Musically, there is nothing very â€Å"innovative† or troublesome. Be that as it may, the explanation it is critical to shake history is on the grounds that it brought America’s regard for the once before underground style of grunge. â€Å"A driving drum beat, controlled by Novelsek’s musical bass, and a paramount guitar riff and solo, blend consummately with Kurt Cobain’s discouraging yet silly lyrics† (Kastner, Patrick). While it has surely been exaggerated in the previous years, it is as yet a basic piece of Rock history. â€Å"Come As You Are† and â€Å"Polly† grandstand that Nirvana were not just a band keen on observing individuals bounce all over and shout at appears. Numerous individuals, fans and superstars the same consider â€Å"Polly† to be Kurt Cobain’s most elegantly composed melody. â€Å"Polly†, number six, is an account of a young lady who got attacked and tormented and explicitly manhandled.

Reasons Raising the Minimum Wage Can Hurt the Economy

Reasons Raising the Minimum Wage Can Hurt the Economy As per the left, raising the lowest pay permitted by law and giving a reasonable compensation is the most ideal approach to wipe out destitution and address pay imbalance. In any case, doing so has outcomes a long ways past a worker basically getting a raise on their check one day and that is its finish. Weve as of now observed the results of the half-baked, costly, and lousily executed Obamacare laws and definitely raising the lowest pay permitted by law the manner in which dissidents are proposing could prompt similarly grievous results for the very individuals the law should help. 1. Endeavoring to misleadingly raise earnings through a lowest pay permitted by law increment is more about discretionary legislative issues than it is about really helping individuals accomplish the American Dream. For sure, when surveyed individuals normally bolster such a raise, since who might contradict individuals getting more cash? Yet, financial matters truths are more than what sounds decent, and everybody would be in an ideal situation by supporting genuine master development strategies that open up open doors for everybody ready to work for the American Dream, as opposed to expect it be given to them. Fake compensation increments can hinder the economy while not in any event, discovering genuine alleviation for those the expansion are expected to help. 2. On the off chance that the objective is to lift individuals out of destitution, this won't do that. Figure that a gigantic piece of the lowest pay permitted by law occupations are low maintenance, and the quantity of low maintenance employments as a level of the workforce are just expanding as of now due to Obamacare. What number of individuals would prefer to make $8.50 an hour and work 40 hours per week with an organization supported protection plan over creation $10 an hour with hours slice back to 28 every week and left to shop at an Obamacare trade for unnecessary and expensive protection they probably won't need? (What's more, regardless of whether the plans are modest due to appropriations, the Obamacare deductibles are most likely far off for these individuals in any case.) 3. Do this math condition: Obamacare Higher Wages for Unskilled Labor - Cost to Replace Said Worker with a Machine Adios employments. The significant expenses of Obamacare in addition to expanded wages (which likewise implies higher finance charges paid by the business) makes it increasingly alluring to supplant low-talented employments with machines. Self-administration food-requesting machines are as of now being actualized in numerous cafés across the nation. 4. The lowest pay permitted by law occupations are commonly low-ability or passage level employments. On the off chance that the expenses to fill low-ability positions become to high, combination can happen and organizations are probably going to supplant a few representatives with one worker who exceeds expectations and can carry out various responsibilities speedier. At the end of the day, it would presumably be progressively alluring to enlist a yearning and gifted self-starter at $18 an hour to supplant 2-3 less aspiring or wasteful representatives making $10 an hour each. A business could even compensation the one representative some strong after some time and still be ahead at long last. The more a representative is paid, the more is anticipated from them. Making occupations falsely increasingly costly additionally makes representatives with less aptitude or who are new to the workforce progressively disposable. What's more, these are the individuals the new laws are planned to help. 5. In all honesty, the cash expected to pay these representatives needs to originate from some place. Retailers - who likely utilize the best rate or the lowest pay permitted by law workers - would essentially be compelled to raise the cost of products and enterprises. So regardless of whether somebody makes an extra $28 bucks seven days, what amount more are similar specialists must compensation for food, gas, or dress to compensate for expanded work costs? 6. Various states have various economies and the average cost for basic items in New York is not quite the same as the typical cost for basic items in Texas. It basically doesn't bode well to have a one-size arrangement for totally various economies. This is the reason, obviously, preservationists put stock in federalism and accept that Alabamans reserve the privilege to live how they need to and Vermonters reserve the option to live how they need to. Broadly incorporated strategies seldom work when their are such huge numbers of elements in play. 7. Numerous independent ventures as of now battle to make due with the current difficult guidelines presented by the national government. Many depend on low maintenance help from high-schoolers to scoop dessert, work the vehicle wash, or convey blossoms. Independent companies are as of now off guard as they commonly have higher overhead expenses and should make more edge on items offered just to endure. This would just make it progressively hard for them to succeed. 8. The lowest pay permitted by law is apparently raised like clockwork, and its never enough over the long haul. All things considered, a lowest pay permitted by law at $10 is as yet a lowest pay permitted by law. What's more, if higher work costs cause the cost of everything to go up at any rate, the intensity of the dollar is simply debilitated and no advancement has been made. Which takes us back to our first point: The American economy needs evident monetary development that empowers individuals to succeed, not a strategy dependent on a guard sticker trademark that offers a brief vibe great fix that will be similarly as useless and new the lowest pay permitted by law increment requests move around. 9. More generously compensated workers will need raises equivalent to those of the lowest pay permitted by law representatives. In the event that individuals at the base of the compensation chain get a 20% raise, each and every individual who makes more than that will likewise expect - and maybe which is all well and good - a 20% raise also. Envision having worked in a vocation for a couple of years and earned builds just to have some person employed at a similar rate on the very first moment in light of the fact that the administration says as much. Presently organizations either pay the entirety of their representatives more or appreciate a displeased workforce. At long last, the lowest pay permitted by law increments go past expanding work costs for simply the focused on gathering. 10. This is the place the brutal reality sets in: Minimum compensation employments are not planned to empower individuals to raise a group of five on. They just arent. Truly, there are conditions where individuals are compelled to take occupations at the lowest pay permitted by law, maybe more now than any other time in recent memory. In any case, the lowest pay permitted by law occupations are intended for passage level specialists, kids in secondary school (who Id accept shouldnt have the requirement for $20K/yr employments), or those hoping to include some additional cash during a time work. The fact is to climb from that point into moderate employments, and with enough difficult work a very well-paying occupation. That is essentially the purpose of a lowest pay permitted by law work, and the fact isn't to help families. Its ideal to state that an entire seven day stretch of work implies each and every individual who does so gets a house, SUV, and an iPhone (and what number of bat tling the lowest pay permitted by law laborers have the last one?), yet actually isn't what those occupations are proposed for. The issue with the lefts over-improved answer for the economy is that the more costly these occupations get, the more probable those that need them will have the option to get them. What's more, how does that help anybody?

How to End a Relationship Essay

Cutting off an association with your accomplice is never a simple activity, yet in the event that one gets themselves miserable in the relationship than the best activity would be to go separate ways. It is essential to not drive yourself to be seeing someone you are not, at this point upbeat. Cutting off the association can be better so as to maintain a strategic distance from further issues and heart throb. You deserve it and your accomplice to throw in the towel if things aren’t working out. Cutting off an association can be troublesome, however by using these four fundamental advances; thoroughly considering things, mastermind to get together face to face, be straightforward, and being humane and understanding, you can help the procedure for both you and your accomplice. To begin with, make a point to thoroughly consider things and choose if cutting off the association is the thing that you truly need to do. You should make a point to stay away from indiscreet activities that can lead you to hurried choices that you will wind up lamenting. Make a point to give yourself time after a warmed issue/contention so as to begin suspecting plainly. When you feel increasingly loosened up a rundown of advantages and disadvantages can be very useful in helping you through this troublesome choice. While making your rundown, it is constantly significant not to over consider the various situations and make a point to keep it straightforward. The rundown gathered ought to be utilized to help put things into point of view and permit a reasonable picture about the following stage that is required. Second, give your accomplice the graciousness and regard of closure the relationshipâ with them face to face. By having the option to plunk down up close and personal with your accomplice the correspondence of emotions and concerns/issues will get apparent both in verbal tones and body motion. On the off chance that conceivable, abstain from meeting up around exceptional days; occasions, birthday events, commemorations, since it would not be reasonable for ruin those days for them. It is additionally critical to maintain a strategic distance from areas that were of significance to both of you or excessively jam-packed territories. Despite the fact that you definitely know how the finish of your gathering will turn out, it is useful to have a discussion to permit the two people the chance to discharge emotions. This may be the last time you two may be as one so conclusion and genuineness is required for both of you to have the option to push ahead. Third, trustworthiness is the most significant establishment of any relationship, paying little heed to the condition of the relationship. It is significant for you to begin the discussion and hop directly into the purpose behind the gathering without steering clear of the real issue. Be as genuine, compact, and to the point as could reasonably be expected. Make a point to finish your full idea previously permitting your accomplice the opportunity to talk. Make a positive, open condition in which you both feel calm in saying whatever should be said at that time. It is significant at this progression to list issues/worries that you had with the relationship and this is the place your professionals/cons rundown can be valuable. Make a point to speak the truth about the terrible occasions, yet additionally the great occasions too. Picking your words admirably will permit you to give useful analysis on issues, being compelling in expressing what is on your mind, and simultaneously trying to be delicate and chivalrous of your partner’s emotions. At last, being merciful and understanding will permit both of you to be useful to one another to ease through the way toward cutting off the association. Both of you will encounter hurt sentiments, however so as to end things agreeably you will need to put forth a valiant effort to be there for the other individual at the time. If necessary, at the time, be there to offer a shoulder to incline toward for your accomplice. Rules in regards to any further contact with one another ought to likewise be set up so it can help with this new change for your accomplice. Tell them that things will be alright and in due time they will see that the relationship needed to turn out theâ way it accomplished to serve both of you. Toward the finish of a relationship you will have numerous feelings that should be managed so as to push ahead. Realizing that the relationship has reached a conclusion is just the beginning of the long procedure ahead. Permit yourself an opportunity to consider the relationship and whether it very well may be rescued. At the point when the relationship can never again be fixed make a second to address your accomplice face to face. Going into that gathering you ought to be set up to be straightforward and permit your accomplice to be completely forthright with you also. Toward the finish of the relationship you and your accomplice probably won't be at a similar purpose of the completion and it is significant and accommodating to help them by being humane and comprehension of their needs. By following these means you can help progress through the finish of the relationship and take into account development that can help the two accomplices in their future connections.

The Sales Leaders Guide to Sales Pipeline Management

As a sales leader, pipeline management is one of the most challenging aspects of your job. In the past, communication only took place through phone, snail mail and in-person meetings. Cold-calling was the strongest tool in your sales arsenal. Related: The 160 best sales tools & software In 2007, sales pros could reach prospects one the phone in about one out of four attempts. Today, it takes about eight tries to get a potential client on the phone, and sales cycles are longer. Your role as a sales leader is vital, but it means you don't usually hear from prospects until they're almost ready to buy. It takes heaps of patience & organization to keep track of potential leads. Not only that, but the vocabulary of the industry has become more complex. In this post, we'll review the concepts you need to know to understand sales pipeline and offer specific strategies on how to manage sales pipeline effectively. Sales terms you need to know Sales jargon can be confusing. Before we dive into what a sales pipeline is in more detail, let's cover some commonly misused sales terms. Though the following terms are related, there is a difference between the terms sales pipeline, sales funnel and sales process. Sales pipeline: Traditionally, this meant the stages a prospect moves through in their journey from stranger to customer. The sales rep moves this process along. Sales pros also use the term sales pipeline in another way. They often refer to their "pipeline" as the dollar value of current leads they are moving through the stages of a pipeline. While it's fine to use this term, sales forecasting is a more accurate way to refer to the amount of potential revenue in your pipeline. Sales funnel: The stages a prospect moves through in their journey from stranger to customer. As mentioned, this is often confused with sales pipeline. The stages in the funnel are different than the pipeline, and the prospect is the one in control of how they move through those stages. Sales process: What the sales rep/team does to help prospects through the pipeline. These are specific actions, not stages as in the pipeline. Sales process & sales pipeline are often used interchangeably, even though they have different meanings. Because different teams use these concepts to refer to different things, it's important to clearly communicate what you mean by these terms and how you expect them to be used on the floor. Do sales pipelines fit into inbound marketing? Inbound marketing is a bit of a buzzword these days. Specifically, it's a marketing process pioneered by HubSpot as a way to convert prospects digitally, using content to attract them. What is inbound marketing? Inbound marketing uses a sales funnel that prospects move through on their own. The traditional sales pipeline is a function of outbound marketing, though it may be adapted to work well in an inbound marketing process. As the internet became an integral part of our everyday lives, companies dived into the bottomless ocean of inbound marketing – sometimes hastily. Many abandoned traditional sales techniques (a.k.a. outbound marketing) altogether. The sales pipeline was ignored because it didn't fit with the inbound marketing model. What followed was an explosion of content: blog posts, landing pages & email newsletters galore. Back in 2014, business expert Mark Schaefer saw the writing on the wall and we entered the age of content shock. Today, thankfully, many businesses take a more balanced approach. This raises the question, though: does inbound marketing with content still work? Of course it does. But, there are certain situations where traditional outbound marketing techniques often work better. This is where sales pipeline management becomes a critical skill for sales leaders to have. Some examples where outbound is more appropriate include: High-ticket consumer goods with five- to six-figure price tags B2B services with long-term contracts Service-based businesses like home contractors, etc. Inbound marketing & outbound sales are the perfect pair in omnichannel marketing strategies. This combines traditional outbound techniques like TV ads and cold-calling with inbound marketing techniques like landing pages and educational content. Stages of the sales pipeline Sales pipelines are structured in stages based on how close a prospect is to converting from a stranger to customer. Sales pipeline stages can look very different depending on a variety of factors, including: Businesses that rely on one-off projects or services Subscription-based business models (software subscriptions, web hosting, service contracts) How many sales are needed to achieve company revenue goals for a specified time period (monthly, quarterly & yearly are the most common). A business that relies on one-off projects will need more prospects in the pipeline than a subscription-based model because the length of the relationship is usually shorter. Here's a basic pipeline that works across all business models. The length of time each prospect stays in a specific stage (and the number of leads needed in each stage at any given time) vary greatly. Prospecting – the process of finding potential buyers for your product or service. 40% of sales pros say prospecting is the hardest part of the job. Qualification – when you determine the prospect is a good fit. This can happen via meeting, phone call, email, or some other method. Proposal – After qualification, you present a proposal to a prospect. This can be verbal, delivered via a formal document (most common in high-ticket sales), or even sent as a price list. Sale – If the prospect accepts your proposal and buys, they are now a customer. CRM (customer relationship management) software is a great sales tool to help determine where your prospects are in your sales pipeline. It can also help you analyze the prospects who didn't make it to the end of the pipeline. Sales forecasting: How pipeline value is calculated Pipeline reports provide a dollar value of all deals currently in a salesperson's pipeline. Most CRMs automatically calculate this amount. We mentioned before that sales forecasting is a better way to talk about what's in your pipeline. There's no 100% guarantee that all those prospects will become customers, so it's important to keep filling your pipeline with prospects to continue closing deals. Experienced sales leaders can often predict (not 100%, but often) which leads are likely to turn into customers quickly (hot leads), which will take more hand-holding (warm leads), and which are likely to fizzle out. Over time, you will develop and refine this sense as well. Tools of the sales leader's trade: CRMs & sales collateral Both newer technology and "old school" techniques play a crucial role in sales. Here are two of the most important sales tools to master. CRMs The more leads you have in your pipeline at the same time, the more likely it is you'll need to use a tool like a CRM to keep track of all your customers & deals. Software programs like Salesforce harness the power of technology to keep you organized without a secretary. You can track all emails, calls & meetings with particular prospects or client companies. CRMs provide huge benefits to those who deal with a high volume of leads, because you can: create pipeline reports see percentage of deals won versus lost automate follow-up and check in with your leads via drip emails attach branded materials like brochures & sales sheets to emails When used efficiently, CRMs eliminate the tedious work of keeping track of which lead is in what stage of the sales pipeline. CRMs like HubSpot Sales have mobile apps that connect to phones so you can record conversations. Sales collateral Before the internet was around, sales collateral (like brochures & business cards) was mailed, handed out or left behind at in-person meetings. Now, meetings take place both in person and virtually. But, that doesn't printed sales collateral is dead. Far from it. Consider this: If a prospect is meeting with you, they are probably interviewing several potential vendors at once. Since companies often provide a lot of information (like flyers) about different products & services, the prospect needs an easy way to keep everything organized. Because information is exchanged both in person and via email, all your company's sales collateral should match so the prospect knows which flyer belongs to what company. This way, they can make an informed decision using all of your information. If you email them a plain Word document but hand them a colorful flyer that looks completely different, they might mix up or throw away critical information and you lose the sale. That's why Lucidpress is a stellar sales tool for your entire organization. It gives your entire team flexible access to branded sales & marketing templates. Though you likely won't be involved in designing the documents, sales reps on your team can use Lucidpress to provide prospects with the same documents digitally and in print. They can also personalize everything they hand out, so prospects feel seen and know how to get in touch quickly & easily. With branded templates, you don't even have to worry about whether colors, logos & fonts are being used properly – those assets are already present & locked down, so everything stays consistent. Sales pipeline management tips & tricks Ready to learn some pro tips for managing your sales pipeline? Check out these six strategic ideas to master the process. Don't use a CRM if you don't need to. If you're responsible for managing only a few leads at a time, a CRM may be overkill. You can often get away with using a free CRM like Streak – or even a spreadsheet. Know your numbers. Even if you don't use a CRM, you should still measure your average sales cycle, average dollars per deal, average lifetime value of a customer, and retention rate. Use your numbers. Take advantage of the data you uncovered to make decisions regarding how much time you should spend working with prospects, how often to follow up, and when to give up on an unresponsive lead. Keep accurate records. Your team has to keep track of who they're working with and what's been discussed, especially if they're working with multiple people at the same company. Cold-calling is your friend. It's not as scary as people make it out to be. If you get a prospect's voicemail, keep your message between 8 and 14 seconds. It's okay to use your personal phone. These days, most people have consolidated to one phone with one number. If you plan to use your personal mobile for business, record a professional voicemail greeting. Key takeaways Managing your sales pipeline can be complicated, but it isn't impossible. Here are some key points to remember as you tackle this month's quota: Understand the difference between pipeline & funnel, and make sure your team understands how you're using these terms. Mastery of sales tools like CRMs & sales collateral make it a lot easier to close deals. Follow best practices to manage your pipeline – they really work! Boost your bottom line and do more as a team with Lucidpress.

Pompeii - Archaeology of the Famous Roman Tragedy

Pompeii is arguably the most famous archaeological site in the world. There has never been a site as well preserved, as evocative, or as memorable as that of Pompeii, the luxurious resort for the Roman Empire, which was buried along with its sister cities of Stabiae and Herculaneum under the ash and lava erupted from Mount Vesuvius during the fall of 79 AD. Pompeii is located in the area of Italy known, then as now, as Campania. The vicinity of Pompeii was first occupied during the Middle Neolithic, and by the 6th century BC, it came under the rule of the Etruscans. The citys origins and the original name are unknown, nor are we clear on the sequence of settlers there, but it seems clear that Etruscans, Greeks, Oscans, and Samnites competed to occupy the land prior to the Roman conquest. The Roman occupation began in the 4th century BC, and the town reached its heyday when the Romans turned it into a seaside resort, beginning 81 BC. Pompeii as a Thriving Community At the time of its destruction, Pompeii was a thriving commercial port at the mouth of the Sarno River in southwestern Italy, on the southern flank of Mount Vesuvius. Pompeiis known buildings--and there are many that were preserved under the mud and ashfall--include a Roman basilica, built ca 130-120 BC, and an amphitheater built circa 80 BC. The forum contained several temples; the streets included hotels, food vendors and other eating places, a purpose-built lupanar, and other brothels, and gardens within the city walls. But probably of most fascination  to us today are the look into private homes, and the eerie negative images of human bodies caught in the eruption: the utter humanness of the tragedy seen at Pompeii. Dating the Eruption and an Eyewitness Romans watched the spectacular eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, many from a safe distance, but one early naturalist named Pliny (the Elder) watched while he helped evacuate refugees on the Roman warships under his charge. Pliny was killed during the eruption, but his nephew (called  Pliny the Younger), watching the eruption from Misenum about 30 kilometers (18 miles) away, survived and wrote about the events in letters that form the basis of our eye-witness knowledge about it. The traditional date of the eruption is August 24th, supposed to have been the date reported in Pliny the Youngers letters, but as early as 1797, the archaeologist Carlo Maria Rosini questioned the date on the basis of the remains of fall fruits he found preserved at the site, such as chestnuts, pomegranates, figs, raisins, and pine cones. A recent study of the distribution of the wind-blown ash at Pompeii (Rolandi and colleagues) also supports a fall date: the patterns shows that prevailing winds blew from a direction most prevalent in the fall. Further, a silver coin found with a victim in Pompeii was struck after September 8th, AD 79. If only Plinys manuscript had survived! Unfortunately, we only have copies. Its possible that a scribal error crept in regarding the date: compiling all the data together, Rolandi and colleagues (2008) propose a date of October 24th for the eruption of the volcano. Archaeology The excavations at Pompeii are an important watershed in the history of archaeology, as it was among the earliest of archaeological excavations, tunneled into by the  Bourbon rulers of Naples and Palermo beginning in the fall of 1738. The Bourbons undertook full-scale excavations in 1748--much to the belated distress of modern archaeologists who would have preferred they wait until better techniques were available. Of the many archaeologists associated with Pompeii and Herculaneum are pioneers of the field Karl Weber, Johann-Joachim Winckelmann, and Guiseppe Fiorelli; a team was sent to Pompeii by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who had a  fascination with archaeology and was responsible for the  Rosetta stone  ending up in the British Museum.   Modern research at the site and others affected by the 79 Vesuvian eruption was conducted by the Anglo-American Project in Pompeii, led by Rick Jones at the University of Bradford, with colleagues at Stanford and the University of Oxford. Several field schools were conducted at Pompeii between 1995 and 2006, mostly targeting the section known as Regio VI. Many more sections of the city remain unexcavated, left for future scholars with improved techniques. Pottery at Pompeii Pottery was always an important element of Roman society and it has figured in many of the modern studies of Pompeii. According to recent research (Peà ±a and McCallum 2009), thin-walled pottery tableware and lamps were manufactured elsewhere and brought into the city to sell. Amphorae were used to pack goods such as garum and wine and they too were brought in to Pompeii. That makes Pompeii somewhat anomalous among Roman cities, in that the largest portion of their pottery was produced outside its city walls. A ceramics works called the Via Lepanto was located just outside the walls on the Nuceria-Pompeii road. Grifa and colleagues (2013) report that the workshop was rebuilt after the AD 79 eruption, and continued to produce red-painted and burnished tablewares up until the Vesuvius eruption of 472. The red-slipped tableware called terra sigillata was found in numerous locations in and around Pompeii and using petrographic and elemental trace analysis of 1,089 sherds, McKenzie-Clark (2011) concluded that all but 23 were manufactured in Italy, accounting for 97% of the total investigated. Scarpelli et al. (2014) found that black slips on Vesuvian pottery were made of ferrous materials, consisting of one or more of magnetite, hercynite and/or hematite. Since the closure of the excavations at Pompeii in 2006, researchers have been busy publishing their results. Here are a few of the most recent ones, but there are many others: In Benefiels (2010) study of graffiti on the walls of the House of Maius Castricius is documented several pieces of incised romantic graffiti in different areas of the house. A conversation of 11 graffiti inscribed in a stairwell appears to be a literary and romantic conversation between two individuals. Most of the lines are original romantic poetry or plays on known texts, arranged vertically in two columns. Benefiel says the Latin lines hint at a kind of one-up-man-ship between two or more people.Piovesan and colleagues studied paints and pigments at Pompeiis Temple of Venus, identifying a range of mural colors made from the natural earth, minerals, and a few rare artificial pigments--black, yellow, red and brown ochre, cinnabar, Egyptian blue, green earth (mostly celadonite or glauconite) and white calcite.Cova (2015) reports on the alae--architectural wings--in many houses in the section of Pompeii known as Regio VI, and how the size and shape of the alae may reflect socioeconom ic changes in the Late Republic/Early Empire period. Miiello et al (2010) investigated construction phases in Regio VI by the variations of mortar.Astrid Lundgren at the University of Oslo published her dissertation on Pompeii in 2014, focusing on male sexuality and prostitution; Severy-Hoven is another scholar investigating the incredible wealth of erotica discovered at Pompeii.Murphy et al. (2013) looked at middens (garbage dumps) and was able to identify evidence that the waste is primarily kitchen food preparation of olives, grapes, figs, cereals, and pulses. However, they found little evidence for crop-processing, suggesting that the food was processed outside of the city before being brought to market. Sources This article is part of the About.com Dictionary of Archaeology: Ball LF, and Dobbins JJ. 2013. Pompeii Forum Project: Current Thinking on the Pompeii Forum. American Journal of Archaeology 117(3):461-492.Benefiel RR. 2010. Dialogues of Ancient Graffiti in the House of Maius Castricius in Pompeii. American Journal of Archaeology 114(1):59-101.Cova E. 2015. Stasis and Change in Roman Domestic Space: The Alae of Pompeiis Regio VI. American Journal of Archaeology 119(1):69-102.Grifa C, De Bonis A, Langella A, Mercurio M, Soricelli G, and Morra V. 2013. A Late Roman ceramic production from Pompeii. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(2):810-826.Lundgren AK. 2014. The Pastime of Venus: An archaeological investigation of male sexuality and protitution in Pompeii. Oslo, Norway: University of Oslo.McKenzie-Clark J. 2012. The supply of Campanian-made sigillata to the city of Pompeii. Archaeometry 54(5):796-820.Miriello D, Barca D, Bloise A, Ciarallo A, Crisci GM, De Rose T, Gattuso C, Gazineo F, and La Russa MF. 2010. Characterisation of archaeological mo rtars from Pompeii (Campania, Italy) and identification of construction phases by compositional data analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(9):2207-2223.Murphy C, Thompson G, and Fuller D. 2013. Roman food refuse: urban archaeobotany in Pompeii, Regio VI, Insula 1. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 22(5):409-419.Peà ±a JT, and McCallum M. 2009. The Production and Distribution of Pottery at Pompeii: A Review of the Evidence; Part 2, The Material Basis for Production and Distribution. American Journal of Archaeology 113(2):165-201.Piovesan R, Siddall R, Mazzoli C, and Nodari L. 2011. The Temple of Venus (Pompeii): a study of the pigments and painting techniques. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(10):2633-2643.Rolandi G, Paone A, Di Lascio M, and Stefani G. 2008. The 79 AD eruption of Somma: The relationship between the date of the eruption and the southeast tephra dispersion. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 169(1–2):87-98.Scarpelli R, Clark RJH, an d De Francesco AM. 2014. Archaeometric study of black-coated pottery from Pompeii by different analytical techniques. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 120(0):60-66.Senatore MR, Ciarallo A, and Stanley J-D. 2014. Pompeii Damaged by Volcaniclastic Debris Flows Triggered Centuries Prior to the 79 A.D. Vesuvius Eruption. Geoarchaeology 29(1):1-15.Severy-Hoven B. 2012. Master Narratives and the Wall Painting of the House of the Vettii, Pompeii. Gender History 24(3):540-580.Sheldon N. 2014. Dating the 79AD Eruption of Vesuvius: Is 24th August Really the Date? Decoded Past: Accessed 30 July 2016.

Biblical Flood Myth of Genesis and the Flood Myth of the...

The Flood of the Bible and the Flood of Gilgamesh The story of Noah’s Ark, as told in the old testament, tells how God punished the world because it had become corrupt. God accomplished this by flooding the world, and annihilating all the creatures upon it, except for Noah and his family and a pair of each type of creature on the earth. Each decade, more insight is gained into the origin of the flood story. Based on the information available at the present time, one could argue that the story of Noah’s Ark was based on the Epic of Gilgamesh. The story of Noah’s Ark was first written as part of the old testament by the Jewish people. However, it is predated by far by the story of the Epic of Gilgamesh, a story that†¦show more content†¦The dimensions of the ship underwent some drastic changes however, quite possibly because the dimensions of Gilgamesh’s boat were rather unreasonable: â€Å"Equal shall be her width and her length†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . Both Gilgamesh and Noah received 7 days notice, and after the flood ceased, both employed doves and ravens as scouts to determine if the land was dry yet (Gilgamesh also employed a swallow, but the results of its trip did not greatly differ from the first trip of the dove in Noah’s tale ). After the flood waters recessed, and the ships were able to empty their contents, both Noah and Gilgamesh also offered sacrifices to their respective gods, Noah with burnt offerings and Gilgamesh with a libation he poured on the mountainside where his ship came to r est. The other really large change was that God showed some signs of remorse and sorrow in Noah’s tale, opposed to Gilgamesh’s tale, where God showed little involvement beyond the initial instructions and the flood itself. It was Gilgamesh alone who displayed sorrow for the loss of his people. The shift of sympathy from Gilgamesh to God, however, does good to accommodate the Christian and Jewish perspective of a loving and forgiving God, who would only sweep the world of his own creations at a deep sentimental price. This idea is further confirmed by his promise never to commit such an act again after the flood ceases: â€Å"Never again will I curse the ground because of man, even though everyShow MoreRelated Flood Myth in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Biblical Flood Myth of Genesis2119 Words   |  9 PagesThe Flood in the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Flood of Genesis      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Biblical book, Genesis, of the Old Testament contains an account of an historic Flood which has never been equaled in intensity. Tablet 11of the Sumero-Babylonian version of the epic of Gilgamesh also records a Flood quite expansive and quite devastating. Are they a record of the same event?    E.A. Budge states in Babylonian Story of the Deluge and the Epic of Gilgamesh that the narration of the Flood in Sumero-BabylonianRead More Comparing the Epic of Gilgamesh Flood Myth and Book of Genesis Biblical Flood Myth1792 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Gilgamesh and Genesis Floods      Ã‚  Ã‚   The rendition of the historic, worldwide Flood recorded in Genesis of the Old Testament is similar to the account recorded on Tablet 11of the Sumero-Babylonian version of the epic of Gilgamesh, discovered in the 1800’s by British archaeologists in Assyria. Let us compare the two in this essay.    Alexander Heidel in his book, The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels, provides a background for the survivor of the Sumero-Babylonian Flood, Utnapishtim:Read More The Biblical Flood of Genesis Based Upon the Flood of the Epic of Gilgamesh1650 Words   |  7 PagesBiblical  Flood Based Upon the Flood of Gilgamesh      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the middle of the nineteenth century, archaeologists unearthed twelve clay tablets. Around the turn of the twentieth century, archaeologists finally managed to decipher the tablets written in Akkadian, the language of ancient royalty and diplomacy. The tablets tell of the story of Gilgamesh. (1) The eleventh tablet tells that Gilgamesh, in his quest for immortality set out on a long journey to look for his ancestor, UtnapishtimRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Biblical Narrative Of The Genesis1332 Words   |  6 Pagesvariation among symbolism and moral values, however collective literary essentials exist. For instance, an abundance of flood stories that expand across the world verifies a connection among the traditions of mankind. The strong resemblance between the flood accounts in the ancient Mesopotamian myth The Epic of Gilgamesh and the biblical narrative of Noah’s Ark in The Genesis propose a closer relationship that encourages further analysis. The major plot points are echoed in both texts despite differentiationRead MoreGilgamesh vs Bible1424 Words   |  6 Pageswhy the Epic of Gilgamesh compares to the Bible in many different ways and the epic also has an extraordinarily different perspective than the Bible does. Yet the Bible and Gilgamesh, story or truth, myth or religion, these are questions that are applied to the ancient epic of Gilgamesh. Interestingly, these same questions apply to another major? They were written many years ago, both with many different versions, and in different languages work, the Bible. While the Sumerians wrote Gilgamesh as earlyRead MoreBiblical Flood Story Vs. Gilgamesh Flood1981 Words   |  8 PagesBiblical Flood Story versus Gilgamesh Flood Story The Biblical Flood story and the Gilgamesh Flood story include similarities and differences. There are two versions we know of the flood story in Babylonian literature, and both have different hero’s in each, although the cause of each flood is different. I will prove that I understand the task at hand by reading both of the stories, and taking it apart piece by piece to understand it in a whole. By doing this, I am able to know what I am readingRead MoreThe Purpose of the Biblical Flood narrative1977 Words   |  8 Pagesand early Judaism† (Coogen 2008) that contains many forms of writings and stories which address not only myth, main historical events and laws, but also those that follow the Israelites unique relationship with God. The first book of the Old Testament is known as Genesis, which is highly concerned with the world’s creation and its initial stages. It is also the origin of the biblical Flood Narrative concerning Noah and the Ark. The story is characterised by a man that is instructed to build anRead More Comparing and Contrasting Epic of Gilgamesh and the Bibles Noahs Ark642 Words   |  3 PagesComparing and Contrasting Epic of Gilgamesh and Noahs Ark Many cultures have stories of a great flood, and probably the best known story is of Noahs Ark. The next most notable is the Sumerian story of Ut-Napishtim found in the Epic of Gilgamesh. In the ancient Babylonian depiction of the flood story, the god Enlil creates a flood to destroy a noisy mankind that is disturbing his sleep. Gilgamesh is told by another god, Ea, to build an ark (Monack 1). The Epic of Gilgamesh has broadly the sameRead MoreKnowledge in Gilgamesh and Genesis Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesboth the people of biblical times as well as those of the epic era. However, their stories have some differences according to cultural variation but the main structure, idea and theme are generally found correlative. It is hard to believe that that one work did not affect the others. The first great heroic epic poem of Gilgamesh and the Old Testament are two cultures that are hundreds of years apart. Upon studying the book of Genesis and the story of Gilgamesh; whereas one is m yth and the other oneRead MoreBiblical Vs. Classical Phenomenon2078 Words   |  9 PagesBiblical vs. Classical Phenomenon Throughout the semester, we have analyzed various texts that constitute some of the most important publications in the history of humankind. These myths and legends are known as the oldest in centuries and possibly the first sight of written text that humans have encountered. Dating back to the times of traditional oral-based stories, texts such as The Epic of Gilgamesh have given humankind a sense of emergence in the old times of script and literature. The Epic

Taoism Essay Research Paper It is always free essay sample

Taoism Essay, Research Paper It is ever present in you. You can utilize it anyhow you want. # 8212 ; Lao-tzu Taoism is one of the two great philosophical and spiritual traditions that originated in China. The other doctrine native to China is Confucianism. Both Taoism and Confucianism began at about the same clip, around the 6th century B.C. China # 8217 ; s 3rd great faith, Buddhism, came to China from India around the 2nd century of the common epoch. Together, these three religions have shaped Chinese life and idea for about 25 hundred old ages. One dominate construct in Taoism and Buddhism is the belief in some signifier of reincarnation. The thought that life does non stop when 1 dies is an built-in portion of these faiths and the civilization of the Chinese people. Although non accepted by our beliefs, its apprehension helps construct strength in our ain faith. Reincarnation, life after decease, beliefs are non standardized between the faiths. Each faith has a different manner of using this construct to its beliefs. Ignorance of these beliefs is a mark of failing in the head. To truly understand 1s ain faith, one must besides understand those constructs of the other faiths of the universe. Hopefully this will be an enlightenment on the reincarnation constructs as they apply to Taoism and Buddhism. The end in Taoism is to accomplish Taoist, to happen the manner. Tao is the ultimate world, a presence that existed before the existence was formed and which continues to steer the universe and everything in it. Tao is sometimes identified as the Mother, or the beginning of all things. That beginning is non a God or a supreme being as with Christians, for Taoism is non monotheistic. The focal point is non to idolize one God, but alternatively on coming into harmoniousness with Taoist. Tao is the kernel of everything that is right, and complications exist merely because people choose to perplex their ain lives. Desire, aspiration, celebrity, and selfishness are seen as hinderances to a harmonious life. It is merely when one rids himself of all desires can tao be achieved. By eschewing every earthly distraction, the Taoist is able to concentrate on life itself. The longer the one # 8217 ; s life, the closer to tao one is presumed to hold become. Finally the hope is to go immortal, to accomplish Taoist, to hold reached the deeper life. This is the hereafter for a Taoist # 8212 ; to be in harmoniousness with the existence. To understand the relationship between life and the Taoism construct of life and decease, the beginning of the word Taoist must be understood. The Chinese character for Taoist is a combination of two characters that stand for the words caput and pes. The character for pes represents a individual # 8217 ; s way or way. The character for caput represents a witting pick. The character for caput besides suggests a beginning, and pes, an stoping. Thus the character for Taoist besides conveys the go oning class of the existence, the circle of Eden and Earth. Finally, the character for tao represents the Taoist impression that the ageless Tao is both traveling and unmoving. The caput in the character means the beginning, the beginning of all things, or Tao itself, which neer moves or alterations ; the pes is the motion on the way. Taoism upholds the belief in the endurance of the spirit after decease. To hold attained the human signifier must be ever a beginning of joy for the Taoist. It is genuinely a ground to joy because despite whatever is lost, life ever endures. Taoists believe birth is non a get downing and decease is non an terminal. There is an being without bound. There is continuity without a starting point. Using reincarnation theory to Taoism is the belief that the psyche neer dies, a individual # 8217 ; s psyche is ageless. It is possible to see decease in contrast to life ; both are unreal and altering. One # 8217 ; s psyche does non go forth the universe into the unknown, for it can neer travel off. Therefore there is no fright to come with decease. In the Hagiographas of The Tao Te Ching, Taoist is described as holding existed before Eden and Earth. Tao is formless ; it stands entirely without alteration and ranges everyplace without injury. The Taoist is told to utilize the visible radiation that is indoors to return to the natural clarity of sight. By depriving oneself of all external distractions and desires, one can accomplish Taoist. In ancient yearss, a Taoist that had transcended birth and decease and achieved Taoist was said to hold cut the Thread of Life. The psyche, or spirit, is Taoism does non decease at decease. The psyche is non born-again, it migrates to another life. This procedure, the Taoist version of reincarnation, is repeated until Taoist is achieved. The followings of the Buddha believe life goes on through a repitition of reincarnations or metempsychosiss. The ageless hope for all followings of Buddha is that through reincarnation one comes back into in turn better lives until one achieves the end of being free from hurting and agony and non holding to come back once more. This wheel of metempsychosis, known as samsara, goes on forever or until one achieves Nirvana. The Buddhist definition of Nirvana can be summerized as the highest province of religious cloud nine, absolute immortality through soaking up of the psyche into itself, while continuing individualism. Birth is non the beginning and decease is non the terminal. This rhythm of life has no beginning and can travel on everlastingly without an terminal. The ultimate end for every Buddhist, Nirvana, represents entire enlightenment and release. Merely through accomplishing this end is one liberated from the neer stoping rhythm of birth, decease, and metempsychosis. Transmigration, the Buddhist rhythm of birth, decease, and metempsychosis, involves non the reincarnation of a spirit but the metempsychosis of a consciousness incorporating the seeds of good and evil workss. Buddhism # 8217 ; s universe of transmigration encompasses three phases. The first phase in concerned with desire, which goes against the instructions of Buddha and is the lowest signifier and involves a metempsychosis into any figure of snake pits. The P > 2nd phase is one in which animate beings dominate. But after many reincarnations in this phase the spirit becomes more and more homos, until one attains a deep religious apprehension. At this point in the 2nd phase the Buddhist bit by bit begins to abandon philistinism and seek a brooding life. The Buddhist in the 3rd phase is finally able to set his self-importance to the side and go a pure spirit, holding no perceptual experience of the material universe. This phase requires one to move from perceptual experience to non-perception. And so, through many phases of religious development and legion reincarnations, the Buddhist ranges the province of Nirvana. The passage from one phase to another, or the patterned advance within a phase is based on the actions of the Buddhist. All actions are merely the show of idea, the will of adult male. This will is caused by character, and character is manufactured from karma. Karma means action or making. Any sort of knowing action whether mental, verbal or physical is regarded as karma. All good and bad actions constitute karma. As is the karma, so is the will of the adult male. A individual # 8217 ; s karma determines what he deserves and what ends can be achieved. The Buddhists past life actions determine present standing in life and current actions determine the following life # 8212 ; all is determined by the Buddhist # 8217 ; s karma. Buddha developed a philosophy known as the Four Noble Truths based on his experience and inspiration about the nature of life. These truths are the footing for all schools of Buddhism. The 4th truth describes the manner to get the better of personal desire through the Eightfold Path. Buddha called this way the Middle Way, because it lies between a life of luxury and a life of poorness. Not everyone can make the end of Nirvana, but every Buddhist is at least on the way toward enlightenment. To accomplish Nirvana the Buddhist must follow the stairss of the Noble Eightfold Path. The way consists of cognition of the truth ; the purpose to defy immorality ; stating nil to ache others ; esteeming life, morality, and belongings ; keeping a occupation that does non wound others ; endeavoring to free 1s head of immorality ; commanding one # 8217 ; s feelings and ideas ; and practising proper signifiers of concentration. Conformity to the way does non vouch making Nirvana, but it is the lone way that leads to Nirvana. Merely through following this way established by Buddha does a Buddhist have a opportunity to make enlightenment # 8212 ; to liberate oneself from the uninterrupted unit of ammunitions of birth, decease and metempsychosis, to hold reached the ultimate end # 8212 ; to be absorbed into a province of Nirvana. The end in both Taoism and Buddhism is to make the ultimate end, to exceed life on Earth as a physical being, to accomplish harmoniousness with nature and the existence. The ultimate end for both faiths is to achieve immortality. The Taoist called this ultimate end Tao, while the Buddhist seek Nirvana. Whatever the name, the followings of these faiths believe there is an being beyond life which can be achieved provided the right way or behaviour is followed. The way to Tao and Nirvana are similar, yet different. Both believe there is an inner visible radiation which guides a individual in the right way to the ultimate end. Personal desires must be forsaken to enable the inner visible radiation to steer a individual to accomplish ageless cloud nine. The instructions that discuss the interior visible radiation of a individual are every bit good celebrated in the Tao doctrine as that of the Buddhist. The interior visible radiation that is sought is similar, but the existent way is the primary difference between Taoism and Buddhism. The way toward enlightenment for the Buddhist was defined by Buddha in his Octuple Path. Merely through following this way does the Buddhist range Nirvana. The way to Tao is single, it comes from within. No 1 can specify a way for the Taoist, it must semen from within. Tao means the manner, but this manner is neer taught. Desire, aspiration, celebrity, and selfishness are seen as complications to the terminal. That thought is consistent with Buddhist instructions ; it is the personal life of each person that gives Taoism its particular signifier. Taoism and Buddhism perceive life, decease and metempsychosis as a uninterrupted rhythm. This rhythm has no beginning and no terminal. The psyche is ageless, yet the psyche is non the object of reincarnation. Taoist believe the psyche is non reborn. Alternatively it migrates to another life. Buddhist besides believe the psyche is non born-again, but alternatively consciousness is the object of metempsychosis. One major difference between Taoism and Buddhism is the construct of karma to the Buddhist. This thought that all actions are the show of idea, the will of adult male, is known as karma. Karma determines the Buddhist actions and place in life. A individual # 8217 ; s karma limits the ends which can be achieved. Karma determines where in the rhythm of birth, decease and rebirth the consciousness returns. This return can be in the signifier of an animate being or human, and the Buddhist must come on through a hierarchy to accomplish Nirvana. The Taoist has no construct similar to karma, and no reference of the psyche migrating to an animate being signifier. The finding factor to one # 8217 ; s life is contained in the single behaviour for the Taoist. By abandoning personal desires in life, by concentrating of the ego, a longer life is prolonged. Finally, by following the interior visible radiation, immortality can be achieved. The similarities between Taoism and Buddhism in the belief of life after decease far outweigh the differences. Both faiths believe the single must concentrate on the ego to accomplish the ultimate end. To focal point on oneself, all desires and personal aspirations must be forsaken. One must concentrate on the ego and the proper manner of life to make immortality. The rhythm of life continues indefinitely until the Thread of Life is broken. Merely through proper life, by following the correct way guided by the inner visible radiation, can one accomplish the ultimate end of Tao or Nirvana.